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发表于 2016-10-9 12:58:11
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本帖最后由 e3po 于 2016-10-10 02:18 编辑
糊弄消费者买高价线材, 上世纪都已经被证明是骗局了。
http://www.roger-russell.com/wire/wire.htm#introduction
二十世纪八十年代年代早期,特制的音频线开始出现在市场上。某些人宣称这些线材是“绝对难以置信的”,价格么,也是“绝对 令人难以置信的”。认识到线材阻抗是其决定因素,戈登.高 (Gordon Gow),这位麦景图实验室总裁(Gordon Gow)决定用一个线材演示证明这些特质线材的听感与普通线并没有区别。这个证明 真理的演示使用了一卷怪兽线。对比使用线材长度为50英尺,这套系统包括一个主控继电器箱和两个从继电器箱,使用一个三相开关来选择三条不同线材中的一 条,这三条线材长度相等。其中一条是普通软线,另外两条都出自大厂且比普通软线更粗。测试使用8欧扬声器。
继电器外观都是一样的。所有设备自始至终都被置于一个大玻璃钢箱子中,线材亦在其中。
从继电器箱分别放在每个扬声器旁。每只继电器电源都由分立电源线供给。箱内线材同时连接功放与扬声器,以保证每次切换时只 有一种线材供使用。放大器、继电箱和扬声器之间使用较短较粗的连接线,线路中没有其他设备。继电器阻抗被精确控制在0.1欧以下。自始至终经销商及消费者 都没有听出差异。
这个测试证实了他的观点,我(Roger Russell)做测试时用了几套不同的8欧系统,也无法辨别。但是,当我(Roger Russell)特别适用了一套挑剔的4欧系统时, 把开关打到普通线材上,我听出了差别。这套系统在其中一个频段最低阻抗仅为2.6欧,此低阻频段为3欧。这证实了驱动低阻系统时,线材越细(同种材料下横 街面积更大)是可以被听出来的。系统阻抗越低,其所需线材越粗。当我(Roger Russell)把普通软线替换为更粗的线材时,就听不出区别了。
线材种类并没有区别
固体线,多绞线,铜线,无氧铜,银线等等——即使是“魔法”线材——只要线材阻抗保持在扬声器阻抗5%以下而且型号适合(够粗),听起来就没有事差别。
当 然,我们并不可能万事俱到给每个东西都来个测试,而且建立类似的测试系统并不简单.只有很少人可以进行扬声器阻抗测试或者降至0.1欧级别的线材阻抗测 试。类似于生活中的其他东西,我们也要依靠非直接的信息来源,像是宣传单页,评测意见等。这被称为权威迷信,我们信仰体系的一部分。这里有篇有趣的文章: 大众语义学期刊1964年9越好刊登的名为《消费者意识中的形象》,作者米尔顿.洛基茨
A Review Of General Semantics Sept. 1964 titled Images Of the Consumer's Mind by Milton Rokeach.
戈登.高(Gordon Gow)的线材演示为顾客们提供了一次个人体验,这可以扫除他们最初对权威的盲目迷信。这个演示是受控的,即是即时对比,且听众并不知道是何线材的演示。戈登在经销商的展示厅及各种音响展上举办了多次类似演示。
线材的真相
我 们把戈登(Gordon Gow)线材演示的有力证明和线材的真相先放在一边,来看看在展会上来到麦景图展厅的人们吧,他们没有经历过戈登线材演示,对我们使用普通的粗线感到非常 困扰。他们回忆起听说的“普通”音频线很“烂”,这使得他们提出诸如“线材质量低劣”一类的问题,但他们就是没有好好听听麦景图的产品。当我们换成知名线 材时,客户们就很乐意看到这个组合,这才直入主题开始将其注意力放到麦景图的产品上来。
对于高质量音频线的需求日益增加,对于一些公司来 讲这是新的市场。麦景图并不制造或者贩售音频线。解决方案很明显——与其投入时间和精力告诉开始贩售音频线的麦景图经销商这东西没用,还不如想个更好的办 法鼓励音响购买者/拥有者向经销商咨询该配哪种线材。因此,我也不再推荐麦景图音响说明书上附带的那些线材或者线材型号了。
至1988年,麦景图不再随器材供应连接线。音响用家可以买得到许多特制的音频线。使用何种线材也可以直接咨询经销商。
我 (Roger Russell) 将音频线业的成功归功于其专家级的营销和市场能力。然而,我的经验是,对于普通铜线材来说,只要够粗,就可以和名牌产品一样好。
从另一个角度看待这个问题,总是有人想要更贵的线材的,这并不是因为这些线材会带来更加好的音效,而是因为他们可以像拥有蒂法尼台灯或者劳力士表一样炫耀。
http://www.roger-russell.com/wire/wire.htm#introduction
作者 Roger Russell
前麦景图声学研究中心主任
Author, Artist, Engineer, Inventor, Photographer, Collector, and formerly
Director of Acoustic Research
at McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. and the originator of
McIntosh Loudspeakers
上世纪的资料 没有找出线材有必要额外投资 :
"Speaker Cables: Can you Hear the Difference?", Greenhill, Larry, Stereo Review, Aug 83, pg 46-51.
"Are those Ears Really Golden? (Or only Iron Pyrites)", Smith, Thomas H., Peterson, Michael R., and Jackson, Peter O., The Audio Amateur, 1/80, pg 34, 36, 38, &32.
"The Great Ego Crunchers: Equalized, Double Blind Testing", Shanefield, Daniel, Hi-Fidelity, Mar 80, pg 57-61.
"Audio Specifications and Human Hearing", Davis, Mark F., Stereo Review, May 82, pg 48-52.
"Can you Trust Your Ears?", Nousaine, Tom, Stereo Review, Aug 97, pg 53-55.
"The Science of Listening", Masters, Ian G., Audio Dec 97, pg 40-47.
"Ten Years of A/B/X Testing", Clark, David L., Presented at the 91st AES Convention, Oct 91, Print #3167.
"High-Resolution Subjective Testing Using a Double-Blind Comparator", Clark, David, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol30, no 5, May82, pg 330-338.
"Amplifier-Loudspeaker Interfacing", Greiner, R.A., JAES vol. 28, no. 5 May 80, pg
"Another Look at Speaker Cables", Greiner, R.A., BAS Speaker Dec 78, addendum March 79
"Cables and the Amp Speaker Interface", Greiner, R.A., Audio, Aug 89, addendum Nov 89,
"Effects of cable, Loudspeaker and Amplifier Interactions", Davis, Fred E., JAES, vol. 39, no. 6 Jun 91
"Speaker Cables: Testing for Audibility", Davis, Fred E., Audio, Jul 93
"The Amp/Speaker Interface", Meyer, E.B., Stereo Review, June 91
"Cable and Sound Delivery", Newell, P., Studio Sound, Jul 91
"Cable Bound", Olsher, D., Stereophile, Jul 88
"Getting Wired", Warren, R., Stereo Review, Jun 90
"Loudspeaker Cables", Moir, J., Hi-Fi News& Record Review, May 79
"Speaker Cables: Science or Snake Oil", Pass, Nelson, Speaker Builder, Feb 80
"Will 'Beasty' Speaker Cables Improve your Audio?", Honeycutt, R. A., Radio-Electronics, Feb 91
"The Wire and Cable Scene: Facts, Fictions and Frauds", Aczel, P. The Audio Critic, Part I- Issue 15, Spring-Winter 90-91; Part II-Issue 16, Spring-Fall 91, pg 51-57; Part III- issue 17, Winter 91-92, pg.50-52.
"Speaker Cables: Can you Hear the Difference?", Greenhill, Larry, Stereo Review, Aug 83, pg 46-51.
"Cable Conflicts: The Mystery of Getting Wired", Klein, Larry, Electronics Now, Dec 93, pg. 80& 83.
"Wired Wisdom, The Great Chicago Cable Caper", Nousaine, Tom, Sound & Vision(Canada), Sep 95, pg. 73-76.
"Speaker Cables, Measurements vs Psychoacoustic Data", Villchur, Edgar, Audio, Jul 94, pg 34-37.
"Cross Talk, Do Cables Have a Sonic Personality all their Own?", Kessler, Kehn & Nousaine, Tom, Video, May 96, pg. 36-40.
"Does Wire Directionality Exist?", Lampen, Stephen, Speaker Builder, 3/98, pg 30, 31.
"String 'em Up!", Butterworth, Brent & Griffin, Al, Home Theater,
"Walking the High Wire", Butterworth, Brent, Home Theater, Nov 98, pg 94-102.
Greenhill demonstrated audible differences in speaker cables, 21 years ago. No mystery to it.
An JAES paper on measurements:
"Effects of cable, Loudspeaker and Amplifier Interactions", Davis, Fred E., JAES, vol. 39, no. 6 Jun 91,
Further info from JAES
"Amplifier-Loudspeaker Interfacing", Greiner, R.A., JAES vol. 28, no. 5 May 80,
Another DBT listening:
"Wired Wisdom, The Great Chicago Cable Caper", Nousaine, Tom, Sound & Vision(Canada), Sep 95, pg. 73-76.
More technical info:
"Beating the Bafflegab & Filtering the FooFooDust", Hayward, James, Part 1- Marshall's Audio Ideas Guide(Canada) Summer/Fall 94
"Making the Connection. Part Deux: A Closer Look at the Role of Loudspeaker Cables", Hayward, James, Winter 95. Reprints available from Kimberkable.
DBT of different cables:
"1/4" Cable Roundup", Gallagher, Mitch, Keyboard, Apr 99, pg. 44-48.
Psychoacoustics for cable:
"Speaker Cables, Measurements vs Psychoacoustic Data", Villchur, Edgar, Audio, Jul 94, pg 34-37.
More psychoacoustics of detection:
"Level Discrimination as a Function of Level for Tones from .25 to 16khz", Florentine, Mary, et al, Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 81(5) May 1987, pg 1528-1541.
"On the Relations of Intensity JND's to Loudness and Neural Noise", Zwislocki, J and Jordan H., Journal of Acoustics Society of America, 79(3), Mar 86, pg 772-780.
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