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本帖最后由 白居不易 于 2018-9-22 11:24 编辑
Small talking of transformers
《小论牛牛》
Transformers are the gran’ ol’ horse amongst electronic devices. They were already widespread in the late 1800’s. Yet the nature of magnetic powers are not yet fully understood by man.
变压器，电子设备之壮马（即今谓之牛者——龙神注），十九世纪即已普及，然磁之本质尚属未解
Transformers are magic. We go from Ohm’s laws to the mysterious universe of magnetism and back to Ohms law .
牛之奇，使吾等自欧姆定律至神秘磁世界返之于欧姆定律
The basic elements and theory behind transformers, viewed from the point of turn ratio, are extremely simple. But the full picture and the countless mechanisms that affect the performance of a transformer are highly complex.
仅以变比观之，牛之形理至简也，然致其性之因，甚繁
The first true transformers were made with regular iron. Iron is a ferromagnetic material, also known as soft metal. This is not because the metals are necessary soft, but because the magnetic merits of such metals are considered “soft” from a magnetic point of view. Soft metals are called such if the metal is easy to magnetize and demagnetize.The quality of iron transformers was somewhat limited due to high losses and Eddy currents in pure iron.
首牛铁制，铁乃铁磁材料，亦称软金属。非言其金必柔，乃言磁滞线之柔。如其易磁化消磁，则称其柔也。因纯铁之中高损耗及涡流，其质有限
In the early 1900’s the second generation of electric metals was developed by adding silicium. Silicon steels was a vast improvement over iron.
二十世纪初，二代铁芯掺硅，硅钢之于铁进步甚巨
Third generation was Grain Oriented Silicon Steel ( GOSS ) developed in the 1930’s by N.P. Goss. Note the last name.
三代乃NP Goss于1930年开发之微晶取向硅钢
GOSS or Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Silicon Steel ( CRGOSS ) is still used today as the technology is cheap and very efficient. The point of saturation of good silicon steel is still amongst the highest possible.
现今仍用GOSS或冷轧晶粒取向硅钢（CRGOSS），因其价廉效高。优质硅钢饱和为最难
Other advanced alloys such as MUMETAL, RADIOMETAL were developed with the use of Nickel, Cobalt and other metals. These show high permeability, but very low saturation.
余其先进合金，如MUMETAL，RADIOMETAL，使镍，钴，或它，示现高导磁率，然极易饱和也
The fourth generation of transformers were C-cores . The major advantage of such cores is that they allow a build up of very thin metal sheets.These and toroids are still, to this day, the best core types for transformers. Lilienthal engineering prefer C-cores for a number of reasons, not least of which the easy adjustment of airgaps.
四代乃C形芯，此芯可制甚薄，时至今日仍为最佳也，遂Lilienthal工程师喜C型芯，尤易于调整气隙
During the last 2-3 decades superior metals such as Amorphous and Nanocrystalline have been developed.These highly processed metals open up hitherto unseen possibilities in the art of transformers, but this comes at a cost.
过往二三十载，优质金属如非晶及纳米晶发展，此类高度加工金属于制牛艺术有不可见之革新，然成本乃廉价硅钢之数倍
Low cost transformers are still based upon silicon steel made up of stamped laminates, such as the most common EI configuration. They do a very cost efficient job, and are the natural choice when high quality is not mandatory. Most consumer electronics are based on these transformers and today most of these are produced by low cost labour in the far East.
廉价牛仍为冲压硅钢，形E，I，性价比高，于不强之工况乃自然之理也，今常用之，其多为远东廉价劳动力所为
我打字是一指禅 ，比较慢，为省篇幅用文言转述（文言文的优点体现出来了，洋文好大一串译过来就几个字 ），其实后面还有，不过是广告，就不译了
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